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Click on any of the following 16 personality types to see a summary of their general, career and school strengths.
| ISTP | ESTP | ESTJ | ISFJ |
| ISFP | ESFP | ESFJ | ISTJ |
| INFP | ENFP | ENFJ | INFJ |
| INTP | ENTP | ENTJ | INTJ |
ISTJ: Introversion, Sensing, Thinking, Judging
Keywords: Inner-directed, Realistic, Logical, Organized
General Description:
ISTJs are good with details and think logically. Because they think logically, they often become practical problem-solvers and adopt a responsible outlook on life. ISTJs are good organizers and get things done. In their own quiet way, they see what must be done, analyze the alternatives, and organize the solutions. And they manage to do it with quietness and grace.
Careers:
Careers that value an organized, practical approach to problem solving will appeal to ISTJs. They often become good managers or hands-on technicians. They enjoy a workplace that is organized with clear expectations, where they can use their detailed knowledge and ability to organize. They enjoy working by themselves and taking pride in their work. The types of careers that may appeal to them include all kinds of different management positions, computers, police work, engineering, accounting and teaching (math, technical subjects).
School:
ISTJs are serious students: they value a clear approach to their studies and want to achieve their educational goals. They like courses based on facts where they can apply these facts in a logical manner. They are well organized, so missing assignments is rarely a problem. They enjoy working by themselves. However, if they need to work in groups, they'd like the groups to be small and the responsibilities of the group members to be well defined.
ISTP: Introversion, Sensing, Thinking, Perceiving
Keywords: Inner-directed, Realistic, Logical, Flexible
General Description:
ISTPs are interested in everything that goes on around them. They pay attention to details and make sense of it all because they are very logical. They are often good problem-solvers because they try new ways of approaching the problem and notice the little things that others may have overlooked. In fact, solving problems is one of their strong points. From a practical point of view, they are interested in knowing how things work and enjoy fixing things. They take a hands-on approach to solving realistic questions.
Careers:
Careers that value a hands-on approach to solving realistic problems will be attractive to ISTPs. They often become skilled tool-users and excel in the professional trades and applied technology. In these careers, they can be somewhat creative in meeting immediate needs. They might enjoy careers in the military, corrections, electrical work (skilled trades or engineering), mechanics or computer programming.
School:
ISTPs learn best by observing and doing, preferring hands-on to theory. They like to work alone and do best in those courses that lead to practical outcomes. Many school subjects are boring to an ISTP unless the course material can be related to a personal interest.
ESTP: Extraversion, Sensing, Thinking, Perceiving
Keywords: Outgoing, Realistic, Logical and Flexible
General Description:
ESTPs are active people who love to solve problems. Their attention to detail, logical thinking and adaptable nature can really shine during problem-solving. No other style is so creative when it comes to getting a grip on a practical problem and wrestling with it until it is solved. They have a natural ability to encourage others to participate, so they make terrific leaders during times of crisis when new problems are emerging and new ways of dealing with them are needed.
Careers:
ESTPs tend to find careers that value their ability to be energetic problem-solvers. Because ESTPs value adaptability, they are excellent as trouble-shooters. Jobs that respect their need for freedom, fun and variety will bring out their best. Jobs such as sales, police work, farming, skilled trades and small business management will appeal to them.
School:
ESTPs find school somewhat boring unless the classroom exercises relate directly to their current interests. Theory may leave an ESTP cold and they much prefer a hands-on learning experience where the teaching objectives are clear. They are interested in what is useful and practical, and may not be shy in rejecting what they think is not valuable to them. Being playful, they value movement and action, so field trips and classroom exercises are appreciated.
ESTJ: Extraversion, Sensing, Thinking, Judging
Keywords: Outgoing, Realistic, Logical and Organized.
General Description:
Above all else, ESTJs are logical. As they apply their logic to people, places and things, they become objective organizers and terrific managers. They pay attention to details and discipline themselves to make sure their goals are met. If you want a job done, give it to an ESTJ! They enjoy working with others and are good leaders because they communicate their plans clearly.
Careers:
ESTJs can be tough-minded goal setters, and these qualities are rewarded in management and administrative positions. Their ability to work well within organizational structures and their desire to work with people makes them a natural for jobs where leadership is needed. Besides management positions, their realistic approach and analytical abilities are valued in such careers as teaching (but in the technical subjects), military, banking and police work.
School:
ESTJs are natural organizers and they like classes to be that way also. The more detailed the assignments, the more comfortable they will be. They are good at facts and can recall details easily. A class that has clear guidelines and due dates for assignments will appeal to them.
ISFJ: Introversion, Sensing, Feeling, Judging
Keywords: Inner-directed, Realistic, Compassionate and Organized.
General Description:
ISFJs are warm and sensitive; being quiet, they'll be there for a friend but won't push. ISFJs identify with others easily and approach their problems with care and a willingness to get involved. Being practical and organized, they use their warmth to provide help in realistic ways. They are dependable and conscientious.
Careers:
Careers that value the ISFJ's natural focus on caring and commitment will be good choices. Helping careers such as health and teaching are popular. However, the other side of ISFJs, their ability to be practical and organized, open the door to such careers as librarian or office manager. Whatever specific career the ISFJ chooses, they will always focus on helping people in warm, practical ways. They get along best in jobs that are structured and offer the chance to work by themselves at times.
School:
ISFJs are good with detail and make good students because they want to please the teacher. Interestingly, they often work harder for someone else than they will for themselves because they are cooperative by nature. Because they dislike confrontation, class discussion that becomes argumentative will leave them cold. Being naturally organized, they like clear guidelines (partly because it will then be easier to meet the teacher's expectations) so they can focus their efforts in an efficient and well-ordered manner. They learn best by doing and getting hands-on experience.
ISFP: Introversion, Sensing, Feeling, Perceiving
Keywords: Inner-directed, Realistic, Compassionate, Flexible
General Description:
ISFPs quietly tune into others and focus on meeting their needs; they become sensitive and kind helpers. For this reason, they want their schooling and future career to reflect their desire to assist others in unassuming ways. For an ISFP, their work is a reflection of their inner values and those values are centered on helping others. ISFPs are sensitive to the needs of others and want to meet those needs immediately and they usually can. Because ISFPs are so modest, their sense of humor and love of life may not be apparent until one gets to know them better.
Careers:
ISFPs seek careers where their values of caring can be realized in quiet, practical ways. They also appreciate a workplace setting where they have freedom to be adaptable, where they can work in harmony with others and where their attention to detail will prove helpful. ISFPs enjoy supporting others rather than leading others, so they tend not to become managers. The types of careers that are attractive to ISFPs include health care, office work, skilled trades and service industries.
School:
ISFPs live for the moment and have difficulty in being interested in school subjects unless the subject matter relates to something that they hold dear to their heart: being a helper to people. ISFPs are interested in any subject that can reduce suffering. ISFPs learn best when the classroom has a friendly atmosphere of mutual support and respect and the focus is on practical matters of helping people. Hands-on experience and a flexible approach to the organization of the classroom are valued. The worst class for an ISFP would be a theoretical course presented in a rigid manner.
ESFP: Extraversion, Sensing, Feeling, Perceiving
Keywords: Outgoing, Realistic, Compassionate, Flexible
General Description:
ESFPs are friendly and outgoing and live for the moment. They are fun to be around because they are action-oriented and help others enjoy life. ESFPs are always interested in meeting new people and experiencing new things. ESFPs are in tune with others and sensitive to others; they make warm and enthusiastic friends. They tend to be rule benders and enjoy making up their own rules to fit whatever situation they face at the time.
Careers:
ESFPs pay attention to details and value a realistic approach to solving problems. They are adaptable "rule benders" and make good problem solvers since they look for new ways of figuring things out. ESFPs enjoy careers where they help others in practical ways but are not hampered by inflexible rules; they are outgoing troubleshooters with a heart for helping. Since ESFPs are fun loving, they look for a job that is fun, and they prefer to work with others. The types of careers that will attract an ESFP include nursing, childcare, restaurant work, sales and counselling.
School:
ESFPs learn best by taking a hands-on approach and working within a group of students where they can stimulate each other. They are good with details and curious about their world but need to have their curiosity satisfied by action - nothing too theoretical. Classes that are organized rigidly around schedules and theories will leave an ESFP cold. Classes that take time to allow students to address the subject matter in a hands-on manner and share those experiences within a friendly group will work to an ESFP's strengths. Sometimes ESFPs struggle in a regular school setting.
ESFJ: Extraversion, Sensing, Feeling, Judging
Keywords: Outgoing, Realistic, Compassionate, Organized
General Description:
ESFJs are friendly, organized helpers who want to see the job get done. They are usually traditional in their beliefs and get along easily with many groups. ESFJs are conscientious and cooperative, honestly concerned about others' experiences and affairs.
Careers:
ESFJs are best at jobs where their friendly, organized and practical helping skills are used within traditional settings. They want to be personally involved in their service, and they want to be practical and personal. They are realistic caregivers; they don't have much patience with theoretical approaches and detached analysis. ESFJs find careers in teaching, sales, management, care giving and personal services to be rewarding.
School:
ESFJs are usually good at completing school assignments, especially if they like the teacher. Since ESFJs are friendly, they enjoy topics that increase their understanding of human nature. They like to have an understanding of the practical application of what they study and won't be as strong in the theoretical parts of any course. Enjoying structure, they appreciate a class that is well organized, where the material is presented in an orderly fashion. They will do their best when they have a hands-on learning experience in a structured classroom where the application of what they're learning is clear.
INFJ: Introversion, iNtuitive, Feeling, Judging
Keywords: Inner-directed, Imaginative, Compassionate, Organized
General Description:
INFJs possess a rich and complicated inner world that they express through a quiet and organized caring for others. They are quick to understand people and although they may not express their insights freely, they deeply care about their friends and want the best for them. INFJs like to have a group of friends who will appreciate their inner depth and share their desire to help others. Without this group, they may feel lonely. INFJs broad inner focus usually gives them an ease with theoretical and conceptual subjects, and many INFJs find themselves going on to university, often to become teachers.
Careers:
INFJs are attracted to careers that will honor their inner values and their desire to assist others through talking. In other words, INFJs are good at communicating concepts and where that is most helpful is in careers such as religion, counselling and teaching (especially in drama, art or music).
School:
INFJs usually do well in academic courses where their easy grasp of concepts is rewarded. They enjoy courses that encourage them to see interesting possibilities. They frequently enjoy reading and understand difficult ideas easily. Communicating is important for INFJs; they want their ideas to be expressed clearly because their ideas reflect their inner values and their inner values are important to them. INFJs are usually good students who will do their best when the teacher gains their respect and provides a reason for learning.
INFP: Introversion, iNtuitive, Feeling and Perceptive
Keywords: Inner-directed, Imaginative, Compassionate and Flexible
General Description:
INFPs are creative and complex. INFPs hold harmony and friendship close to their hearts. In their own quiet way, they want their work, friends and school to reflect these values. When they focus on these values, they can be inspired for short periods of time, especially if they work by themselves. INFPs are quiet and adaptable; they won't easily share their inner selves (or their sense of humour) with others unless they have built a trusting relationship. They will likely be bored quickly by routine jobs that don't relate to their inner values of harmony and friendship.
Careers:
INFPs need to believe in their work; they need their work to reflect their values of unity and friendship. Their work often is about improving other people's lives through their verbal skills. They work best when they have the freedom to creatively respond to the needs of the moment for short periods of time. The type of careers that honor these traits include fine arts, counselling, writing, teaching (art, music and drama), library work and entertainment.
School:
INFPs appreciate teachers who pay attention to them and allow them to approach their courses in imaginative ways. INFPs will learn subjects most easily that relate to their inner values of harmony and unity. They will work hard in these courses . . . and may spend more time on their homework than the value of the assignment would indicate they should. Their creativity in completing assignments in unusual ways is sometimes interpreted as carelessness, so INFPs may need to be more careful about their homework. They learn best through reading, rather than discussion, especially if it leads to arguments.
ENFP: Extraversion, iNtuitive, Feeling, Perceptive
Keywords: Outgoing, Imaginative, Compassionate, Flexible
General Description:
ENFPs are friendly and creative. They have an almost supernatural ability to accurately "read" people and events. ENFPs are curious, wanting to know what else besides the routine approach might work, and they are flexible, always willing to try something new. They are bored with regular routine and find themselves pulled to new adventures before they've finished their old ones. ENFPs can be persuasive speakers, able to communicate a vision more easily than others can and often make dynamic leaders.
Careers:
Being sensitive to people and interested in their welfare, ENFPs develop good people skills in such areas as communication, conflict resolution, listening, problem solving and mediation. The best careers for ENFPs will respect their desire to help others in imaginative ways within a work setting that is free from bureaucratic rules. Careers that honor an ENFPs strengths include counselling, teaching (art, music, drama), psychology, acting and entertainment, clergy and public relations.
School:
ENFPs love variety and learning about new things. They make good students because they are naturally curious about everything. If the course is strictly focused on facts, however, it will soon bore an ENFP. They enjoy the attention of the teacher and the opportunity to learn through discussion with their classmates. Their creativity in completing assignments in unusual ways is sometimes interpreted as carelessness, so ENFPs need to develop more discipline in attending to the time frames and details of the required exercises. Heavily structured, fact-focused classes will cramp their style. However, they will flourish in classes where the emphasis is on the relationship between the facts, where they have the flexibility to be creative in how they demonstrate their knowledge and can involve others in their excitement of learning.
ENFJ: Extraversion, iNtuitive, Feeling, Judging
Keywords: Outgoing, Imaginative, Compassionate, Organized
General Description:
ENFJs glow with warmth and sympathy; they are creative and organized when helping others achieve their personal goals. Because ENFJs focus their energy outwards, into people, their main concern in life is for the well-being of their friends. They make compassionate and trustworthy friends. ENFJs understand people well; they are interested in theories of human behavior and want to learn more. ENFJs are natural organizers, and when they see someone suffering, they want to help. They are the ones who roll up their sleeves and get involved. ENFJs value harmony and typically bring out the best in others. For this reason, they make popular leaders as well as faithful supporters. They are excellent communicators, especially in a public forum, and make superb professional speakers.
Careers:
ENFJs value harmony and personal growth as ideals, so they prefer to work in settings that promote these ideals. Since they are outgoing and organized, ENFJs adapt easily to organizational policies and procedures - as long as the procedures are in line with the achievement of their idealized goals. ENFJs will enjoy work that formally encourages them to help people get along better and improve themselves. Careers often chosen by ENFJs include the religious professions, health care, psychology, writing, fine arts, teaching (art, drama, and music) and counselling.
School:
ENFJs are organized students who desire to do well at their studies. They enjoy course material that relates to their values of harmony and personal growth, and they will work doubly hard to excel in these areas. They enjoy classes that are organized and include group exercises and class discussion.
INTJ: Introversion, iNtuitive, Thinking, Judging
Keywords: Inner-directed, Imaginative, Logical, Organized
General Description:
INTJs easily understand complex relationships and use these insights to organize their world in logical ways. They believe in themselves and won't be swayed easily from their viewpoints. When they go into action, they are business-like and at times impersonal. INTJs like order and can be determined in their drive to see their inner vision realized. Being visionaries, INTJs enjoy the complexities of new challenges and become bored quickly with unchanging routine. They are independent and may appear a little difficult to get to know until a deeper relationship has been established.
Careers:
INTJs want their inner visions to become reality and can be determined in their pursuit of this goal. They're good at impersonal analysis, building theoretical models to understand their observations and putting their plans into action. They enjoy intellectual people and organizations, where their gifts are appreciated. Careers that prove popular to INTJs include architecture, legal professions, engineering, science, human resource management and computer systems.
School:
INTJs excel in theory courses that challenge them to understand the relationships between facts; simple memory work will frustrate them. INTJs often enjoy working by themselves and often push themselves to achieve high marks. They trust their own perceptions and enjoy spending time thinking about their ideas.
INTP: Introversion, iNtuition, Thinking, Perceptive
Keywords: Inner-directed, Imaginative, Logical, Flexible
General Description:
INTPs love to solve problems, and the bigger and more theoretical the problems, the more they enjoy it. INTPs want to understand their world in an honest way, so they challenge existing expert opinion until they have satisfied themselves that it is true. There are times when this intellectual honesty is mistaken for rebellion. INTPs hold intelligence in high esteem and will usually do well in school. However, they may not achieve high grades in particular courses if they lose respect for the subject matter or the teacher. INTPs make quiet friends who value their independence.
Careers:
INTPs usually enjoy finding creative solutions to complex analyses. Complex analyses can be found in either pure science or in applied science. In practical applications, they find it easy to concentrate on the problem until they've solved it. Problems, especially those having a theoretical basis such as cancer research, are seen as puzzles waiting to be solved. Pure science attracts INTPs because they enjoy the pleasure of working on the concepts without the distraction of any needed application. INTPs do their best work when they have the freedom to independently follow their hunches; they may be frustrated by rules and regulations. Careers that have appealed to INTPs include all branches of pure science (physical, life, and social), engineering, medicine, computer systems and law.
School:
INTPs work hard, but since most of their effort is going into an inner analysis, their work may not be evident to their teachers. They tend to grapple with the amazing complexity of their thoughts, often getting caught up in their own interests beyond what the class assignments have demanded. When this happens, they may have learned far more than their completed work would suggest. INTPs value class time for quiet thought and do their best work when they can follow their own interests through flexible course assignments and personal exercises.
ENTP: Extraversion, iNtuition, Thinking, Perceptive
Keywords: Outgoing, Imaginative, Logical, Flexible
General Description:
ENTPs are creative thinkers who see many ways of getting things done and logically analyze how different choices might turn out. They are curious, wanting to know what else besides the routine approach might work, and they are flexible, always willing to try something new. They dislike regular routine and find themselves constantly pulled to new adventures before they've finished their old ones. They have an almost supernatural ability to accurately analyze people and events; they are visionary leaders. ENTPs can be persuasive speakers, able to communicate a vision more easily than others.
Careers:
ENTPs enjoy trouble-shooting and the challenge of solving complex problems using creative approaches. They dislike routine and become bored quickly if they don't need to be imaginative and creative. They are at their best in the initial stages of projects, and they would rather "plant the crop than harvest it." In other words, once the conceptual problems are solved, they lose interest and it might be best for them to hand the situation over to someone else to finish. Careers that respect these traits include photography, writing, engineering, computer sciences, research sciences, entertainment and law.
School:
ENTPs are interested in grand ideas. ENTPs are naturally critical thinkers and will evaluate what they learn by their own inner standards. They enjoy hard-nosed discussions between themselves and their teachers and classmates. ENTPs enjoy being challenged in a competitive classroom situation with a free and easy approach to learning. Simply memorizing facts and answering multiple choice tests will frustrate the ENTP; they shine when they can demonstrate their understanding of the complex interrelationships between facts and the best way for them to do so is with essay questions.
ENTJ: Extraversion, iNtuitive, Thinking, Judging
Keywords: Outgoing, Imaginative, Logical, Organized
General Description:
ENTJs are action-oriented problem-solvers who conceptualize what they want and organize themselves and others to achieve it. ENTJs make great organizational leaders because they understand how groups work, and they want everyone to become efficient and effective. They are outgoing, organized and strong.
Careers:
ENTJs are business-like in addressing problems, and they want to work with others who feel the same way. ENTJs are tough-minded leaders who aren't afraid of challenging others to defend their positions; they demand accountability. They are analytical problem-solvers and careers that value this characteristic will suit them well. ENTJs often move towards the following careers: consulting, human resources, administration and management, university teaching, marketing and research positions.
School:
ENTJs use school as a means to an end; they want to succeed and education is a good place to start. They enjoy variety (routine and rote memory will quickly bore them) within an organized classroom setting where they are challenged to solve difficult problems. Debate and critical feedback are valued. ENTJs are organized students who will work hard to become efficient learners.